{"id":2108,"date":"2022-03-26T13:04:17","date_gmt":"2022-03-26T13:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/?page_id=2108"},"modified":"2022-03-26T13:09:30","modified_gmt":"2022-03-26T13:09:30","slug":"icoane-pe-sticla","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/?page_id=2108","title":{"rendered":"Icoane pe sticla"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Icoana pe sticl\u0103, mai precis\u00a0icoana\u00a0pictat\u0103 pe dosul\u00a0sticlei, este o categorie a\u00a0artei populare, un gen al artei populare practicat aproape exclusiv \u00een\u00a0Transilvania\u00a0\u0219i care trebuie pus \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu unele influen\u021be venite din Europa central\u0103, pe filiera\u00a0Bavaria\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Austria\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Boemia, \u00een cursul sec. XVII \u0219i XVIII, precum \u0219i cu me\u0219te\u0219ugul\u00a0ceramicii, dar \u0219i al sticlei, adus de habani, o sect\u0103 religioas\u0103 originar\u0103 din Boemia, venit\u0103 \u0219i stabilit\u0103 \u00een Transilvania.<\/p>\n<p>Me\u0219te\u0219ugul a p\u0103truns \u00een Transilvania prin\u00a0M\u0103n\u0103stirea Nicula. Arta iconarilor pe sticl\u0103se caracte\u00adriza printr-un desen naiv, dar foarte sugestiv f\u0103r\u0103 propor\u021bii anatomice \u0219i de perspectiv\u0103, dar echilibrat\u0103 cromatic.<\/p>\n<p>Icoanele se zugr\u0103veau dup\u0103 modele (izvoade), care erau decalcuri pe h\u00e2rtie f\u0103cute cu creionul sau cu o culoare, dup\u0103 icoane mai vechi. Izvodul era scos periodic pentru a se executa c\u00e2teva lucr\u0103ri \u0219i dup\u0103 aceea era iar pus la p\u0103strare.<\/p>\n<p>Izvodul se a\u0219eza sub bucata de sticl\u0103 aleas\u0103 pentru a fi pictat\u0103. Dup\u0103 el se executa reproducerea \u00een serie a scheletului grafic, numit \u201eurzeal\u0103\u201c. Cel mai priceput me\u0219te\u0219ugar al acestei comunit\u0103\u021bi de munc\u0103, format\u0103 fie din membrii aceleia\u0219i familii, fie prin \u00eentov\u0103r\u0103\u0219irea \u00eentre vecini, trasa cu negru pe sticl\u0103 urmele izvodului, delimit\u00e2nd spa\u021biile \u00een care ceilal\u021bi lucr\u0103tori \u00eencep s\u0103 a\u0219tearn\u0103 colorile, dup\u0103 indica\u021bii precise, care devin cu timpul adev\u0103rate canoane, cunoscute fiec\u0103ruia. C\u00e2nd lucrul lor s-a ispr\u0103vit, \u0219eful de atelier, probabil acela\u0219i care desenase \u0219i conturele cu negru, executa cu grij\u0103 ultimele retu\u0219uri.<\/p>\n<p>Un detaliu interesant este faptul c\u0103 icoanele pe sticl\u0103 au un chenar, pentru a se \u0219ti p\u00e2n\u0103 unde se \u00eentinde icoana (pentru a nu se crede c\u0103 a fost acoperit\u0103 de ram\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen pictura pe sticl\u0103 se foloseau culori preg\u0103tite manual, de obicei cu pigmen\u021bi \u0219i ulei de in. \u00cenainte de \u00eenceperea picturii, sticla era cur\u0103\u021bat\u0103 cu aten\u021bie de orice pete de gr\u0103sime. Aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 asigura o rezisten\u021b\u0103 considerabil\u0103 \u0219i \u00eempiedica exfolierea stratului pictural. Sticla folosit\u0103 la pictur\u0103 avea o suprafa\u021b\u0103 dur\u0103, unduitoare \u0219i plin\u0103 de balona\u0219e de aer, c\u0103ci trebuie avut \u00een minte c\u0103 materialul pictorilor era reprezentat de sticla nefolosit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Temele alese de iconari se limitau la reproducerea Maicii Domnului cu Pruncul \u2013 asemenea icoanei de la Nicula. Treptat, \u00eens\u0103, spectrul tematic se l\u0103rge\u0219te. Astfel, apar \u00een icoane sfin\u021bi care fac minuni. Sf\u00e2ntul Ierarh Nicolae este considerat p\u0103zitor \u0219i aduc\u0103tor de noroc, Sf\u00e2ntul Haralambie este ap\u0103r\u0103tor \u00eempotriva ciumei \u2013 fiind redat, iconografic, \u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een lan\u021buri un schelet ce reprezint\u0103 ciuma -, Sf\u00e2ntul Mare Mucenic Gheorghe \u0219i Sf\u00e2ntul Ioan sunt ap\u0103r\u0103tori ai vitelor.<\/p>\n<p>Icoanele ce-L reprezint\u0103 pe M\u00e2ntuitorul Hristos \u0219i pe Maica Domnului sunt \u00een continuare realizate.<\/p>\n<p>Elementele din via\u021ba local\u0103 sunt \u0219i ele prezente. De exemplu, ciobanii rom\u00e2ni apar \u00een icoane precum Na\u0219terea Domnului. Eva este prezentat\u0103 torc\u00e2nd, element specific \u0219i satului rom\u00e2nesc. Alte elemente ce subliniaz\u0103 caracterul autohton sunt prezente la me\u0219terii ce \u00eendr\u0103znesc s\u0103 aduc\u0103 o not\u0103 personal\u0103 \u00een realizarea icoanelor.<\/p>\n<p>Scenele din via\u021ba sfin\u021bilor sunt \u0219i ele prezente \u00een iconografie.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery interval=&#8221;3&#8243; images=&#8221;2120,2121,2122,2123&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Icoana pe sticl\u0103, mai precis\u00a0icoana\u00a0pictat\u0103 pe dosul\u00a0sticlei, este o categorie a\u00a0artei populare, un gen al artei populare practicat aproape exclusiv \u00een\u00a0Transilvania\u00a0\u0219i care trebuie pus \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu unele influen\u021be venite<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2108"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2126,"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2108\/revisions\/2126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icoanata.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}